what happened to the lonely mountain after the hobbit

Fictional monster in Tolkien'due south fantasy serial

This article is about the fictional character. For the animated beingness from Jewish folklore, see Golem. For other uses, see Gollum (disambiguation).

Gollum
The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings character
Sculpture of Gollum catching fish at Wellington Airport, 2013, to mark the release of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey [1]
In-universe information
Aliases	Sméagol
Race	Hobbit (Stoor branch)
Gender	Male
Volume(south)	The Hobbit The Lord of the Rings Unfinished Tales

Gollum is a fictional monstrous graphic symbol from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. He was introduced in the 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, and became important in its sequel, The Lord of the Rings. Gollum was a Stoor Hobbit^{[T i] [T 2]} of the River-folk who lived near the Gladden Fields. In The Lord of the Rings it is stated that he was originally known as Sméagol, he was corrupted by the One Ring and afterward named Gollum afterward his habit of making "a horrible swallowing racket in his throat".^{[T 3]}

Sméagol obtained the Ring by murdering his relative Déagol, who found it in the River Anduin. Gollum referred to the Ring as "my precious" or "precious", and it extended his life far beyond natural limits. Centuries of the Ring'due south influence twisted Gollum's torso and mind, and, by the time of the novels, he "loved and hated [the Ring], as he loved and hated himself."^{[T 4]} Throughout the story, Gollum was torn betwixt his lust for the Ring and his desire to be free of information technology. Bilbo Baggins constitute the Ring and took information technology for his own, and Gollum afterwards pursued it for the residuum of his life. Gollum finally seized the Ring from Frodo Baggins at the Cracks of Doom in Mount Doom in Mordor, but he brutal into the fires of the volcano, where both he and the Ring were destroyed.

Commentators have described Gollum as a psychological shadow effigy for Frodo and as an evil guide in contrast to the wizard Gandalf, the expert guide. They have noted, too, that Gollum is not wholly evil, and that he has a part to play in the will of the omnipotent god of Centre-globe, necessary to the destruction of the Ring. For Gollum's literary origins, scholars accept compared Gollum to the shrivelled hag Gagool in Rider Haggard's 1885 novel Rex Solomon's Mines and to the subterranean Morlocks in H. 1000. Wells' 1895 novel The Fourth dimension Machine.

Gollum was voiced by Brother Theodore in Rankin-Bass' animated adaptations of The Hobbit and Return of the King, and past Peter Woodthorpe in Ralph Bakshi'south animated picture show version and the BBC's 1981 radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He was portrayed through motion capture by Andy Serkis in Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit movie trilogies.

Name

In Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings, the proper noun "Sméagol" is said to be a "translation" of the Middle-world proper noun Trahald (having to do with the thought of "burrowing", and rendered with a proper noun based on Old English: smygel of like pregnant).^[2]

The rhyming name of his relative "Déagol" is from Old English language: dēagol , meaning "secretive, hidden".^[3] In Tolkien's Red Volume of Westmarch, the name "Déagol" is supposedly a translation of the "original" proper name in the author-invented language of Westron, Nahald , with the aforementioned meaning.^[four]

Names and etymology

Old English	English language	Westron	Significant
smygel	Sméagol	Trahald	creeping
dēagol	Déagol	Nahald	secretive

Appearances

The Hobbit

Gollum was introduced in The Hobbit as "a small, slimy animal" who lived on a small island in an underground lake at the roots of the Misty Mountains. He survived on cavern fish, which he caught from a minor gunkhole, and small goblins who strayed as well far from the stronghold of the Great Goblin. Over the years, his eyes adapted to the night and became "lamp-like", shining with a sickly pale lite.^{[T three]}

Bilbo Baggins stumbled upon Gollum's lair, having found the Ring in the network of goblin tunnels leading down to the lake. At his wits' stop in the dark, Bilbo agreed to a riddle game with Gollum on the chance of being shown the manner out of the mountains.^{[T 3]} In the offset edition of The Hobbit, Gollum'south size is not stated.^[5] Originally, he was also characterised as being less bound to the Band than in later versions; he offered to give the Ring to Bilbo if he lost the riddle game, and he showed Bilbo the way out of the mountains after losing. To fit the concept of the ruling Ring that emerged during the writing of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien revised afterward editions of The Hobbit. The version of the story given in the beginning edition became the lie that Bilbo made up to justify his possession of the Ring to the Dwarves and Gandalf. In the new version, Gollum pretended that he would show Bilbo the way out if he lost the riddle-game, but he actually planned to use the Ring to kill and swallow the hobbit. Discovering the Band missing, he of a sudden realised the answer to Bilbo's last riddle—"What take I got in my pocket?" (a question at first not meant as a riddle, but every bit a self-asked 1)—and flew into a rage. Bilbo inadvertently discovered the Band'south ability of invisibility every bit he fled, allowing him to follow Gollum undetected to a back archway of the caves. Gollum was convinced that Bilbo knew the mode out all forth, and hoped to intercept him near the archway, lest the goblins apprehend Bilbo and find the Ring. Bilbo at first thought to kill Gollum in order to escape, just was overcome with pity, and so merely leaped over him. As Bilbo escaped, Gollum cried out, "Thief, Thief, Thief! Baggins! We hates it, we hates it, we hates it forever!"^{[T 3]}

The Lord of the Rings

Gollum'south real proper name was Sméagol, and he had in one case been a member of the secluded co-operative of the early Stoorish Hobbits. He spent the early years of his life with his extended family under a matriarch, his grandmother. On Sméagol'due south birthday, he and his relative Déagol went line-fishing in the Gladden Fields. At that place, Déagol constitute the Ring in the riverbed after being pulled into the water by a fish. Sméagol fell immediately under the Ring'due south influence and demanded it every bit a birthday present; when Déagol refused, Sméagol strangled him.^{[T two] [T four]}

Sméagol later used the Ring for thieving, spying and antagonising his friends and relatives, who nicknamed him "Gollum" for the swallowing noise he made in his pharynx, until his grandmother disowned him. He wandered in the wilderness for a few years until he finally retreated to a deep cavern in the Misty Mountains. The Band's malignant influence twisted his body and listen, and prolonged his life well across its natural limits.^{[T 4]}

Gollum left his cave in pursuit of Bilbo a few years after losing the Ring, but the trail was common cold. He made his way to the edge of Mordor, where he met the monstrous spider Shelob and became her spy, worshipping her and bringing her food. He was somewhen captured past Sauron's forces and tortured, revealing to Sauron the names of "Baggins" and "the Shire". His testimony alerted Sauron to the existence and significance of hobbits in full general and the Baggins family unit in particular. He was freed, just was presently caught by Gandalf and Aragorn, who interrogated him about the Ring and placed him in the care of the Wood Elves of Mirkwood. He escaped from them (with the help of Sauron's Orcs) and descended into Moria.^{[T 4]}

Gollum began following the Fellowship of the Ring in Moria, but was noticed by Frodo Baggins, Gandalf, and Aragorn. He trailed the Fellowship to the edge of Lothlórien. He picked upwards their trail over again equally they left,^{[T 5]} post-obit them all the way to Rauros, and so pursued Frodo and Samwise Gamgee across the Emyn Muil when they struck out on their own towards Mordor.^{[T 6]}

Frodo and Sam confronted Gollum in the Emyn Muil; Gollum well-nigh strangled Sam, but Frodo subdued him with his Elvish sword, Sting, which had once belonged to Bilbo. Frodo tied an Elvish rope around Gollum's talocrural joint equally a leash, but the mere bear on of the rope pained him. Taking pity on the wretched creature, just every bit Bilbo once had, Frodo made Gollum swear to assistance them. Agreeing to the oath, Gollum swore by the Ring itself, and Frodo released him.^{[T 6]} The unlikely company, guided by Gollum, made their way to the Blackness Gate, the main entrance to Mordor. Frodo'south kindness brought out Gollum's better nature, and he made at least some effort to continue his promise. Sam, even so, despised Gollum upon sight, and often warned Frodo of the animal'southward deception and slipperiness.^{[T 7]}

When they reached the Black Gate and found information technology well-guarded, Gollum offered to lead them toward an alternate entrance into Mordor. Along the way, Frodo and Sam were seized by Faramir, and Gollum slipped away uncaught (but not unseen) and followed them.^{[T eight]} When Frodo allowed Faramir to briefly take Gollum prisoner in social club to spare his life, Gollum felt betrayed, and began plotting against his new "master". Faramir establish out that Gollum was taking them to the pass of Cirith Ungol, an entrance to Mordor through the Ephel Dúath mountains. He warned Frodo and Sam of the evil of that place, too as the treachery he sensed in Gollum.^{[T 9]}

Frodo, Sam, and Gollum left Faramir and climbed the stairs to Cirith Ungol. Gollum slipped away and visited Shelob, planning to feed the hobbits to her and then get the Ring for himself when she was done. When he returned, he establish the hobbits comatose, and the sight of Frodo sleeping near moved Gollum to repent. Withal, Sam woke up and spoke harshly to him, and the opportunity for redemption was lost.^{[T 10]}

Gollum followed through with his plan and led Frodo and Sam into Shelob's Lair. There, Frodo was stung past Shelob, taken prisoner past Orcs, and hauled to the Belfry of Cirith Ungol.^{[T 11]} Sam rescued Frodo from the Tower of Cirith Ungol and, dressed in scavenged Orc-armour, the two made their manner across the plateau of Gorgoroth to Mount Doom. When Frodo and Sam had almost reached their destination, Gollum attacked them, but Frodo threw him downward. Sam faced Gollum on his own, letting Frodo continue up the mount to finish their mission. Similar Bilbo and Frodo before him, Sam spared Gollum's life, turned his back on the animal, and followed Frodo.^{[T 12]}

Moments later, Frodo stood on the edge of the Crevice of Doom, but claimed the Band for himself and put information technology on. Gollum struck, struggled with the invisible Frodo, fleck off Frodo's finger, and seized the Band. Gloating over his "prize" and dancing madly, he stepped over the border and savage into the Crack of Doom, taking the Ring with him with a last cry of "Precious!" Thus, the Ring was destroyed and Sauron defeated. Sam cursed Gollum after his death, just Frodo urged his friend to forgive him, as without him the quest would take failed.^{[T xiii]}

Characteristics

In the beginning edition of The Hobbit, Tolkien made no reference to Gollum'south size, leading illustrators such equally Tove Jansson to portray him as very large.^{[half dozen]} Tolkien realised the omission, and added in later editions that Gollum was "a small slimy fauna."^{[T 3]} The Two Towers characterises him as slightly larger than Sam;^{[T 11]} and later, comparing him to Shelob, i of the Orcs describes him as "rather like a spider himself, or perhaps like a starved frog."^{[T 14]}

The Hobbit states that Gollum had pockets, in which he kept a molar-sharpening-rock, goblin teeth, wet shells, and a flake of bat wing;^{[T iii]} it describes him as having a thin face, "large round pale eyes", and being "equally dark equally darkness".^{[T 3]} In The Two Towers, rangers of Ithilien wonder if he is a tailless black squirrel.^{[T 9]} According to Sam in The Fellowship of the Ring, he had "paddle-feet, similar a swan'southward almost, only they seemed bigger" when Gollum was following their boat past paddling a log down the River Anduin.^{[T 15]} In a manuscript written to guide illustrators to the advent of his characters, Tolkien explained that Gollum had pale peel, merely wore dark clothes and was oftentimes seen in poor low-cal.^[7]

In The Fellowship of the Ring, Aragorn states that "his malice is nifty and gives him a strength hardly to be believed in one then lean and withered."^{[T 16]} In The Two Towers, Gollum's grip is described every bit "soft, only horribly strong" as he wrestles with Sam.^{[T six]}

Personality

Gollum by Frederic Bennet, 2014 (detail)

Tolkien describes Gollum'due south personality after he had been captured past Frodo and Sam:^{[T 6]}

For that moment a modify, which lasted for some time, came over him. He spoke with less hissing and whining, and he spoke to his companions direct, non to his precious self. He would blench and flinch, if they stepped near him or made any sudden movement, and he avoided the touch of their elven-cloaks; but he was friendly, and indeed pitifully broken-hearted to please. He would cackle with laughter and caper if any jest was fabricated, or even if Frodo spoke kindly to him, and weep if Frodo rebuked him.^{[T half dozen]}

Gollum hates everything Elf-fabricated. In The 2 Towers, Sam leap Gollum's neck with Elven rope, which caused Gollum excruciating pain by its mere presence.^{[T 6]} He was unable or unwilling to eat the lembas breadstuff Sam and Frodo carried with them, and rejects cooked rabbit in favour of raw meat or fish.^{[T eight] [T 9]}

Speech

Gollum speaks in an idiosyncratic manner, often referring to himself in the third person, and frequently talks to himself. In The Hobbit, he ever refers to himself as "my precious".^{[T iii]} When not referring to himself in tertiary person, he sometimes speaks of himself in the plural every bit "nosotros", hinting at his alter ego. The rare occasions when he actually says "I" are interpreted past Frodo as an indication that Sméagol'south better cocky has the upper hand. Gollum also uses his ain versions of words similar to the original words. He usually adds -es to the end of a plural, resulting in words such as "hobbitses" instead of hobbits or "birdses" instead of birds. When forming the present tense of verbs, he frequently extends the 3rd person singular ending -s to other persons and numbers, resulting in constructions like "we hates it" (past analogy with "he hates information technology"). Gollum'due south voice communication emphasises sibilants, ofttimes drawing them out.^{[T 17]}

Age

Through the influence of the Ring, Gollum'south life was extended far beyond that of other members of his clan. An average hobbit lifespan is over 100 years, but a bridge of 556 years separates Gollum's finding of the Band and its destruction, by which time he was well-nigh 600 years one-time.^[eight]

Analysis

The story of Sméagol's murder of Déagol echoes the Biblical story of Cain and Abel.^[9] Cain Kills Abel by Hugo Vogel, 1922

Sméagol and Déagol

Cain, Abel, and Grendel

Commentators including the theologian Ralph C. Woods,^[10] and the critics Brent Nelson and Kathleen Gilligan, have remarked that Sméagol'south murder of Déagol echoes Cain'due south killing of Abel in Genesis (4:ane-18). Cain is jealous of his brother Abel; Sméagol is jealous of the shiny golden ring that his friend Déagol has found. Nelson observes that the names of the friends are similar, hinting that at least figuratively they are "brothers". Cain is guilty of Abel's murder, and ends upwards as a restless wanderer, never finding peace; Sméagol besides is exiled from his Hobbit-people, and "wandered in loneliness".^{[T 4]} Nelson notes that Tolkien was a famed scholar of the Quondam English poem Beowulf, which he acknowledged was a major source of his ain fiction;^{[T 18]} and that the Beowulf poet calls the monster Grendel one of the sons of Cain. Among the many parallels between Gollum and Grendel are their affinity for h2o, their isolation from order, and their bestial description.^{[xi] [9]}

The Tolkien scholar Verlyn Flieger suggests that Gollum is Tolkien's cardinal monster-figure, likening him to both Grendel and the Beowulf dragon, "the twisted, broken, outcast hobbit whose macho shape and dragonlike greed combine both the Beowulf kinds of monster in one figure".^[12]

Wagner's Der Band des Nibelungen

Jamie McGregor, writing in Mythlore, compares Sméagol'due south murder of Déagol to Fafner's murder of his brother Fasolt in Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. He notes that Tolkien denied any comparison of his Band with Wagner's, and that this was accepted by his biographer Humphrey Carpenter.^[13] Yet, McGregor notes that Arthur Morgan identified evident parallels, starting with Alberich's expletive: there is only ane ring; information technology is cursed; it gives limitless power; owning it brings simply misery, and it consumes its owner, who becomes its slave; its owner is chosen the Lord; owning it is living death.^[14]

McGregor further compares Déagol's delight in the ring with the Rhinemaidens' innocent rejoicing in their aureate: "And behold! when he washed the mud away, at that place in his hand lay a beautiful aureate ring; and it shone and glittered in the lord's day, and then that his heart was glad".^{[T 4]} He draws a parallel between Sméagol's asking for the Ring with Fafner'south; Déagol refuses, maxim "I'm going to go on it", merely every bit Fasolt says "I hold it: it belongs to me"; Sméagol derisively says "Oh, are y'all indeed, my dearest", and throttles him, turning by degrees into the Ring-depraved Gollum-monster, while Fafner sourly says "Agree it fast in case it falls" and clubs Fasolt to death, condign past degrees a treasure-fixated dragon.^{[13] [T 4]}

Much later, Bilbo blunders into Gollum'southward cave and finds the Ring past accident; he holds off Gollum with his sword, and escapes past winning a peaceful boxing, a riddle contest; Siegfried is led by Mime to the dragon'southward den, kills Fafner to salvage himself from being eaten; and takes the ring as a bird's voice suggests it. Alberich had cursed the "thief" who took the ring; Gollum curses Bilbo for taking his Ring. On the other hand, McGregor writes, Siegfried is a hero, Bilbo, an anti-hero; and the shrunken Mime is the about Gollum-like character in Wagner's Ring Cycle.^{[13] [T 3]}

Psychological "pairing" with Frodo

A variety of commentators have suggested that Gollum constitutes a "shadow figure" for Frodo, as his dark alter ego ("other self") according to Carl Jung's theory of psychological individuation. Some accept identified many such "pairings", such as Denethor as a shadow for Théoden, Boromir for Aragorn, Saruman for Gandalf, Ted Sandyman for Sam Gamgee, the Barrow-wight for Tom Bombadil, and Shelob for Galadriel, but the Gollum/Frodo pairing is past far the virtually widely accepted.^[15]

Evil guide

The Tolkien scholar Charles West. Nelson described Gollum as an evil guide, contrasted with Gandalf, the good guide (like Virgil in Dante's Inferno) in Lord of the Rings. He notes, besides, that both Gollum and Gandalf are servants of The One, Eru Ilúvatar, in the struggle against the forces of darkness, and "ironically" all of them, good and bad, are necessary to the success of the quest.^[16]

Playing a office in a cosmic game

David Callaway, writing in Mythlore, notes that Tolkien, a devout Roman Catholic, had fabricated Centre-globe a identify where good and evil are in conflict under an almighty god, Eru Ilúvatar: in other words, "his cosmology is Christian".^[17] Callaway describes Gollum as plumbing equipment into this framework every bit a being non wholly evil, able to brand moral choices.^[17]

The Episcopal priest Fleming Rutledge writes that at the Council of Elrond, Frodo angrily resists the notion that Gollum was a Hobbit like himself, just that Gandalf describes the tale of Gollum'southward enslavement to the Band as "a sad story" rather than every bit Frodo's description of him, "loathsome". Gandalf says that Gollum "had no volition left in the affair", and could non go rid of the Ring; instead, "the Band itself .. decided things".^{[T 16]} Rutledge comments that the distressing story has happened to everybody, trapped, as Christians believe, in "Sin and Expiry", and states that^[18]

The genuinely revolting Gollum is key non but to the surface narrative, ... simply as well to the underlying theological drama.^[18]

Eru makes use of every beingness's choices for good: Callaway gives every bit example the way that Wormtongue's angry throwing of the palantír, a crystal ball-like rock of seeing, enables Pippin to expect in the stone and reveal himself to Sauron; in turn, Sauron jumps to a incorrect conclusion virtually the rock and the hobbit, which assists the Fellowship in completing their quest, destroying the One Band. Similarly, Callaway argues, Gollum "is being partly manipulated by Eru in this cosmic chess game"^[17] citing Gandalf's remark that Gollum "has some part to play however, for good or ill".^[17] And indeed, Gollum's change ego, Sméagol, struggles to be good, speaks the truth when questioned by Frodo, and guides them through the Dead Marshes. In short, as Tolkien writes, Gollum is "not altogether wicked".^[17] Finally, at the end of the quest inside Mount Doom, Gollum takes the Ring from Frodo, and causes information technology to exist destroyed, completing the quest successfully at the moment that Frodo had announced that he would keep the Ring. Callaway calls this "the ultimate heroic self-sacrifice", arguing that Gollum acted "consciously" using "the good fraction in his listen finally overpowering the Ring's evil".^[17]

Degenerate

The scholars of English literature William North. Rogers II and Michael R. Underwood compare Gollum to the similarly named^[xix] evil and ancient hag Gagool in Rider Haggard'due south 1885 novel King Solomon's Mines; Tolkien acknowledged Haggard, especially his novel She, equally a major influence. They note that Haggard'due south tales share many motifs with Tolkien'south The Hobbit, including a non-heroic narrator who turns out to be brave and capable in a crunch; a group of male characters on a quest; dangers in caves; a goal of treasure; and render to a happy countryside. Along with that, the ii characters both have a monstrous graphic symbol. Gagool is described as seeming to be^[nineteen]

a withered-upwards monkey [that] crept on all fours ... a most extraordinary and weird countenance. Information technology was (plainly) that of a woman of great age, so shrunken that in size it was no larger than that of a year-old child, and was made upwards of a collection of deep yellow wrinkles ... a pair of big blackness eyes, even so full of fire and intelligence, which gleamed and played under the snow-white eyebrows, and the projecting parchment-coloured skull, like jewels in a charnel-house. Equally for the skull itself, it was perfectly blank, and yellow in hue, while its wrinkled scalp moved and contracted similar the hood of a cobra." —Rex Solomon's Mines, 1885^[19]

They note that Gagool speaks of and rejoices in "claret and death".^[19] Like Gollum, she is human-like merely distorted to a parody; she is shrunken and extremely old; her large optics and voice communication are distinctive; and she is wholly materialistic, with a "terrible greediness and self-referencing" and "the insatiable claims of the naked ego".^[19] They mention also the cultural groundwork of the late 19th century, combining economic recession, fear of moral decline and degeneration leading indeed to eugenics, and a "for-the-moment hedonism" in the face of these concerns. They annotate that Gagool tin can be seen every bit a "worst-case" embodiment of such Victorian era fears.^[19]

Dale Nelson, writing in the J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, suggests that Gollum may derive from H. G. Wells's Morlocks in his 1895 novel The Time Car. They take "dull white" skin with a "bleached await", "strange large grayish-carmine eyes" with "a chapters for reflecting light", and run in a depression posture somewhere close to all fours, looking like "a human spider", through having lived for generations underground in darkness.^[twenty]

A 2004 paper in the British Medical Journal by supervised students at University Higher London argued that Gollum meets seven of the nine diagnostic criteria for schizoid personality disorder.^[21]

Adaptations

Animations

Gollum's first known screen accommodation is in Cistron Deitch's 1967 short film The Hobbit.^[22] His office is reduced to a scene depicting him sitting in his boat.^[23]

In the 1977 Rankin/Bass adaptation of The Hobbit and its 1980 The Render of the King, Gollum was voiced past Brother Theodore.^[24] He appeared somewhat froglike.^[25]

In Ralph Bakshi'south 1978 animated film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, Gollum was voiced by Peter Woodthorpe.^[26] Austin Gilkeson, writing on TOR.com, called the prologue with the "snaring and transformation of Gollum" "beautifully rendered as blackness shadows cast against a red canvas" like a shadow play or a medieval tapestry come to life, with a mix of animation, painted backgrounds, and rotoscoping.^[27]

Television plays

A green-clad Gollum in Leningrad Tv set's 1991 Khraniteli

In the Soviet-era television film Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита (The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) of 1985, a light-green-faced Gollum is portrayed past Igor Dmitriev.^[28]

A different Russian Gollum was played by Viktor Smirnov in Leningrad Television'south 2-part 1991 Telly play Khraniteli, rediscovered in 2021.^[29] Variety reported that "he's speaking Russian, sports orangish eye-shadow and has what appears to be bright light-green cabbage leaves pasted to his caput."^[30]

Kari Väänänen portrayed Gollum (Finnish: Klonkku) in the 1993 alive-activity goggle box miniseries Hobitit [The hobbits] produced and circulate by the Finnish network Yle.^[31]

Characteristic films

In Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Gollum is a CGI graphic symbol voiced and performed by thespian Andy Serkis. He is smaller than both Frodo and Sam, but still has considerable strength and agility. Barely glimpsed in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), he becomes a primal character in The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the Rex (2003). The CGI graphic symbol was congenital around Serkis's facial features, phonation, and acting choices, and is depicted naked but for a loincloth. Serkis based the iconic "gollum" throat racket on the sound of his true cat coughing up hairballs.^[32] Using a digital boob created by Jason Schleifer and Bay Raitt at Weta Digital, animators created Gollum's performance using a mixture of motion capture data recorded from Serkis and the traditional blitheness process of cardinal frame, along with the laborious process of digitally rotoscoping Serkis's image and replacing information technology with the digital Gollum's in a technique coined rotoanimation.^[33]

In The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Serkis himself appears in a flashback scene as Sméagol before his degeneration into Gollum. This scene was originally earmarked for The Ii Towers, but was held back because the screenwriters felt audiences would chronicle improve to the original Sméagol one time they were more familiar with who he became. The decision to include this scene meant that Raitt and Jamie Beswarick had to redesign Gollum's face for the second and third films and then that it would more closely resemble Serkis'.^[34] Serkis again played Gollum in the 2012 prequel picture The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey.^[35] In Jackson'south films, Gollum has a carve up personality: the artless "Sméagol" and the evil "Gollum". Screenwriters Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens included scenes in The Two Towers, The Render of the King and An Unexpected Journeying in which "Gollum" and "Sméagol" fence, with Serkis slightly altering his voice and body linguistic communication to play the two as separate entities. This style was praised by the Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey who described the Jackson estimation as "masterful" and the additional scenes every bit "specially adept".^[36]

Serkis and Gollum appeared on the 2003 MTV Movie Awards, when Gollum won "Best Virtual Performance" and went on to deliver an obscenity-laden acceptance spoken communication in character,^[37] so well received that it won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Class.^[38] Wizard magazine rated Jackson's Gollum as the 62nd-greatest villain of all fourth dimension, from among 100 villains from pic, idiot box, comics and video games.^[39] In add-on, Serkis every bit Gollum was placed thirteenth on Empire magazine'southward "100 Greatest Movie Characters of all Time".^[40]

Fan films

Gollum is the eponymous character in The Hunt for Gollum, an independently produced 2009 prequel to the Jackson films directed by Chris Bouchard. Bouchard's CGI Gollum, voiced by Gareth Brough,^[41] looks much like the Gollum of the Jackson films.^[42]

Other media

In Canada, Gollum was portrayed by Michael Therriault in the three-hour phase production of The Lord of the Rings, which opened in 2006 in Toronto.^[43] He won a Dora Award for the operation.^[44]

Gollum appears in a 1989 3-function comic book adaptation of The Hobbit, scripted past Chuck Dixon and Sean Deming and illustrated past David Wenzel.^[45]

The Lord of the Rings: Gollum, a video game centered on Gollum, is currently nether evolution by Daedalic Entertainment.^[46]

Cultural references

The ring Led Zeppelin mention Gollum and Mordor in their 1969 vocal "Ramble On", with the lyrics "Twas in the darkest depths of Mordor / I met a girl so fair / But Gollum, and the evil one crept upwardly / And slipped away with her".^[47]

In 2014, the Turkish doctor Bilgin Çiftçi shared an paradigm comparing Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to Gollum; he was banned from serving in the Turkish civil service,^[48] and Erdoğan sued Çiftçi for insulting him.^[49] Jackson stated that the image concerned was of Sméagol, not the evil Gollum.^{[50] [51]}

In 1973, a genus of basis sharks was named Gollum by the taxonomist Leonard Compagno, who noted that the slender smoothen-hound "bears some resemblance in grade and habits" to the Tolkien character.^[52] In 1992, a genus of intertidal sea slugs was named Smeagol in reference to the original name of the Tolkien graphic symbol.^[53] In 2015, a species of cave-habitation harvestmen was named Iandumoema smeagol.^[54] In 2016 a new species, the precious stream toad, Ansonia smeagol, was described from Malaysia; the specific epithet was chosen for the toad's "long sparse limbs and bulbous eyes".^{[55] [56]}

References

Chief

This listing identifies each particular's location in Tolkien's writings.

1. ^ Unfinished Tales, Part Iii, 4. "The Chase for the Ring", p 353, note ix.
2. ^ ^{a b} Letters, #214 to A. C. Nunn, c. belatedly 1958-early 1959 "remigration of the Stoors ... Deagol-Smeagol incident"
3. ^ ^{a b c d due east f g h i} The Hobbit, ch. 5 "Riddles in the Dark"
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f yard} The Fellowship of the Ring, book i, ch. 2 "The Shadow of the Past"
5. ^ The Fellowship of the Band, book 2, ch. ix "The Great River"
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f} The Two Towers, book 4, ch. ane "The Taming of Sméagol"
7. ^ The Ii Towers, book four, ch. 3, "The Blackness Gate is Closed"
8. ^ ^{a b} The 2 Towers, volume four, ch. iv, "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"
9. ^ ^{a b c} The Ii Towers, volume four, ch. 6, "The Forbidden Pool"
10. ^ The Ii Towers, volume 4, ch. viii, "The Stairs of Cirith Ungol"
11. ^ ^{a b} The 2 Towers, volume iv, ch. 9, "Shelob'due south Lair"
12. ^ The Render of the Rex, book 6, ch. iii, "Mount Doom"
13. ^ The Render of the King, book six, ch. 4, "The Field of Cormallen"
14. ^ The Ii Towers, book 4, ch. 10, "The Choices of Main Samwise"
15. ^ The Fellowship of the Ring, book ii, ch. 9, "The Slap-up River"
16. ^ ^{a b} The Fellowship of the Ring, book ii, ch. 2 "The Council of Elrond"
17. ^ Return of the King, Appendix F: II, "On Translation"
18. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1981). Carpenter, Humphrey; Tolkien, Christopher (eds.). To the editor of the 'Observer' . The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 31. ISBN978-0-618-05699-6. Beowulf is among my most valued sources; though it was non consciously present to the heed in the process of writing

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Sources

• Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981), The Messages of J. R. R. Tolkien, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN978-0-395-31555-2
• Tolkien, J. R. R. (1937). Douglas A. Anderson (ed.). The Annotated Hobbit. Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 2002). ISBN978-0-618-13470-0.
• Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Fellowship of the Band, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, OCLC 9552942
• Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Ii Towers, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, OCLC 1042159111
• Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955), The Return of the King, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, OCLC 519647821
• Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980), Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN978-0-395-29917-3

External links

Expect upwards Gollum in Wiktionary, the complimentary lexicon.

• Tolkien website of Harper Collins (the British publisher)
• Tolkien website of Houghton Mifflin Archived 24 April 2021 at the Wayback Auto (the American publisher)

kraftsurney.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gollum

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